Mountain Frames

The frame of the P-29er is built with Ritchey’s proprietary triple-butted Logic steel tubing. That combines with its modern XC geometry to deliver a breathtakingly balanced ride – beautifully mixing a snappy and responsive soul with a comfortable and predictable personality. The P-29er is the ultimate cross-country mountain bike. With its pedigree firmly rooted in the decades-deep lineage of its P-series predecessors that helped define the sport of mountain biking, this latest version of the P-29er is very much a modern machine with features demanded by today’s XC riders. It boasts BOOST spacing along with stealthy dropper post routing and an ultralight forged tapered headtube. It fits tires up to 2.3” and is built around a 100mm-travel fork. All of this comes together to enshrine the P-29er as a monument to the spirit of endless singletrack adventure.

If there’s one thing Tom knows, it’s dirt. When he first designed the Ultra he knew it would appeal to riders who demand specific ride characteristics and dirt slaying only he could deliver- and that was in the 1980s! Good design withstands the test of time, and the latest iteration of the Ultra is a prime example. Like its predecessor from 30 years prior, the new Ultra occupies a unique ride space from cross-country riders looking to get rowdy and go big to enduro riders lusting for some all-mountain shredding. Designed around a 120mm travel fork and super stable Boost 148 spacing, most of the fun is in the wheels. Designed to accommodate 29" or 27.5" wheels, the Ultra is highly versatile. Throw on some 29s for some trail-smashing XC riding, or saddle up some 27.5+ for some serious no-holds-barred shredding. The Ultra is a rough and rugged trail master that doesn’t know when to quit. - Compatible with 27.5 x 2.8 and 29 x 2.4 tires - Internal routing for a dropper post - Boost 148x12 rear spacing

Timberjack is Salsa’s aggressive trail hardtail. Its progressive trail geometry is stable on descents and technical sections. The Alternator 2.0 dropouts are SRAM UDH-ready and offer future drivetrain flexibility. Ample accessory mounts and dual wheel size compatibility add more versatility to the package, making Timberjack a well-rounded ripper that likes to party. -Compatible with 130–150mm forks and dropper posts for confidence and capability on technical terrain -Alternator 2.0 dropouts equipped with SRAM UDH-compatible dropout plates; other Alternator 2.0 plates expand drivetrain and setup options. -Aggressive trail geometry with short chainstays and long front-center provide agility and stability on the trail -Front triangle space is maximized for frame bag use -6061-T6 alloy frame -Compatible with up to 27.5 x 2.8"" or 29 x 21.–2.6"" wheels and tires -Internal cable routing -Includes FSA headset, Salsa Deadbolt UL thru-axle, and Salsa Lip-Lock seatpost collar

Fargo is Salsa’s steel drop-bar mountain bike that offers a winning combination of multiple wheel size compatibility; drivetrain options ranging from geared to belt drive to single speed; and cargo mounts galore. Set it up as a dreamy do-it-all steel bikepacking rig, or adapt it for each unique adventure — Fargo lets you keep your options open. - Triple-butted CroMoly steel frame - Alternator 1.0 Flat Mount dropouts allow for flat-mount brakes and many different drivetrains, including single speed and belt drive - Cutthroat Carbon Deluxe fork features two sets of Three-Pack mounts, lowrider rack mounts, internal dynamo cable routing, flat-mount brake mounts, and abrasion-resistant plates - Wheel size versatility: run 27.5+, 29, or 29+ wheels and tires (29 x 2.6" max on XS frames) - Rear rack mounts (designed for use with the Salsa Alternator Standard Rack) - Fender mounts (maximum 29 x 2.2" tire clearance with fenders) - Clearance for 29 x 3.0" tires without fenders (29 x 2.6" max on XS frames)

Beargrease pairs a race-ready carbon frame with the capability of fat tires for the ultimate groomed-trail machine. Its trail geometry, dropper post, and 27.5" wheels grant you confidence in loose corners and descents and make for an all-season ripper. Frame and fork mounts for extra bottles and cargo make it easier to gear up for your long days out or even overnighters, and the high-performance XT/SLX drivetrain is the icing on the cake. For light-and-quick confidence on any terrain, Beargrease is one of the best carbon fat-tire bikes out there.

The Salsa Heyday! C Deore 12 is a carbon fat-tire bike with the versatility to go wherever your imagination takes you. The carbon-fiber frame keeps weight down — especially nice when you're hefting it over downed trees deep in the backcountry. The 26 x 4.6" tires float over snow, sand, and other soft surfaces, but you can also fit 27.5 fat and 29+ wheels and tires for other missions. A mind-blowing number of cargo and accessory mounts let you bring more than just the bare necessities, and Mukluk's geometry ensures a stable ride even when loaded. Alternator 2.0 dropouts allow for multiple drivetrain options, but the stock Shimano Deore 12-speed is the perfect place to start.

The Cassidy Alloy Frame gives you the confidence to seek out the steepest, most technical trails out there. Its stiff and durable aluminum frame stands up to trail punishment, whether you're enjoying a full day of shuttle runs, barreling through rugged rock gardens, or hitting drops and gaps. 165 mm of Split Pivot rear suspension offers progressive travel for the stoutest trails, with superior pedaling efficiency and consistent braking traction to boot. Build it up and go big.

The Blackthorn 145 C frameset is your canvas for a dreamy all-mountain rig. The stiff carbon fiber frame improves your power transfer on flats and climbs, aided by 145mm of Split Pivot rear suspension travel with a supple yet supportive ride with superb pedaling efficiency, well-suited to the huge variety of trails you’ll be tackling. Our all-mountain geometry puts you in a confident position for descents and a comfortable position for the pedaly parts of the trail. On-bike cargo mounts let you configure your setup with space for two bottles and your repair kit, plus snacks and more via the top tube mounts. Blackthorn carbon all-mountain frame give you plenty to build on — just add your favorite parts and go make an epic day of it.

Fargo is Salsa’s original drop-bar mountain bike. This cult classic is designed for mixed-surface riders and bikepackers that like variety in their routes, with the capability to carry everything needed when out for days on end. Carefully crafted with 3/2.5 seamless triple-butted titanium tubing and paired with our Cutthroat Carbon Deluxe fork, this frameset is ready for any dream-bike build. - 3/2.5 seamless triple-butted titanium tube set provides appropriate stiffness and compliance for fantastic ride quality - Alternator 1.0 Flat Mount dropouts allow for flat-mount brakes and many different drivetrains, including single speed and belt drive - Cutthroat Carbon Deluxe fork features two sets of Three-Pack mounts, lowrider rack mounts, internal dynamo cable routing, flat-mount brake mounts, and abrasion-resistant plates - Wheel size versatility: run 27.5+, 29, or 29+ wheels and tires (29 x 2.6" max on XS frames) - Rear rack mounts (designed for use with the Salsa Alternator Standard Rack) - Fender mounts (maximum 29 x 2.2" tire clearance with fenders) - Clearance for 29 x 3.0" tires without fenders (29 x 2.6" max on XS frames)

The Horsethief Carbon Frameset is where your dream trail bike begins. The Horsethief frameset can be built with either 29-inch or 27.5-plus wheels, and the flip chip allows for subtle geometry tweaks. The Split Pivot rear suspension technology and 120mm Fox Float DPS Performance Elite shock are a recipe for incredible small bump compliance and traction. With this solid foundation in place, just add the parts that make you happy—we can’t wait to see what you do with it.

As a highly versatile touring bike, the Bridge Club hits the sweet spot that separates on- and off-road excursions. The simplistic design makes it fully adept to handle a full rack and pannier setup, frame bags, or any combination of the two. It doesn’t feel sluggish on paved shortcuts, but can also hold its own on dirt detours. If you’re feeling a little zesty on your next road tour, you won’t be ill-prepared for reroutes through the woods. The Bridge Club is designed to handle it all. - 100% Surly Chromoly frame, main triangle is double-butted; 1-1/8" threadless Chromoly fork - Rack, fender, and four sets of three-pack mounts - Disc brake-specific, single-position vertical rear dropout makes it less intimidating than other bikes in the category - Clearance for 700 x 47mm (with or without fenders) or 27.5 x 2.8" tires (27.5 x 2.6" with fenders)

The All-Around Fat Bike Wednesday sits in the middle of our Trail category, but don't let that fool you into thinking that's its only use. With Wednesday, we borrowed elements from some of our Trail and Touring models to create a versatile fat tire trail bike that can truly handle anything you want to attempt. If you do an equal amount of off-road touring as you do hitting trails, Wednesday's ability to play both parts equally will suit you well. Or, if you're looking for a fat bike and don't need the fattest tires on the market, Wednesday's 26 x 4.6" tire clearance is just the ticket. "Any day of the week's a great day to ride a Wednesday." - Modern mountain standards: stealth dropper post routing, 44mm headtube, suspension correction, front and rear thru-axles - Full suite of useful braze-ons: front and rear racks, multiple sets of three-pack mounts, fenders - Full-forward, short chainstay position: 26 x 3.8" tires on 80mm rims; full-rearward, longer chainstay position: 26 x 4.6" tires on an 80mm rim Specs: - Rear Dropout Configuration: Horizontal slotted with optional vertical dumpout - Rear Hub Spacing: 12 x 177mm (Surly axle included); 10 x 170mm with Surly 10/12 Adapter Washers (not included) - Front Hub Spacing: 15 x 150mm (Surly axle included) - Rear Brake: Disc - 51mm I.S. (203mm max rotor) - Front Brake: Disc - 51mm I.S. (203mm max rotor) - Head Tube: Ø44mm - Steerer Tube: Ø28.6mm (1-1/8") - Crown Race: Ø30mm (1-1/8") - Stock Headset Upper (S.H.I.S.): ZS44/28.6 - Stock Headset Lower (S.H.I.S.): EC44/30 - Front Derailleur (Clamp): High direct mount top-pull (Ø34.9mm) - Max Chainring (CL): 1x (Fat bike 170): 34T; 2x (Fat bike 170): 26/38T; 2x (Surly OD): 22/36T - Tire Clearance Frame: 26 x 4.3" (rear axle position); 26 x 3.8" (front axle position); 29 x 3.0" - Tire Clearance Fork: 26 x 5.25"; 29 x 3.0" - Rigid Fork Spec: 468 x 47mm - Max Suspension Fork Length: 511 x 51mm (Fatbike 100mm) - Bottle Mounts Frame: 2 Standard (XS - M); 3 Standard (L - XL) - Bottle Mounts Fork: 2 Three-Pack - Rack Mounts Frame: Yes (upper and lower threaded) - Rack Mounts Fork: Yes (upper, lower, and mid-blade threaded) - Fender Mounts Frame: Yes - Other Features: Internal dropper post routing compatible

The All-Around Fat Bike Wednesday sits in the middle of our Trail category, but don’t let that fool you into thinking that’s its only use. With Wednesday, we borrowed elements from some of our Trail and Touring models to create a versatile fat tire trail bike that can truly handle anything you want to attempt. If you do an equal amount of off-road touring as you do hitting trails, Wednesday’s ability to play both parts equally will suit you well. Or, if you’re looking for a fat bike and don’t need the fattest tires on the market, Wednesday’s 26 x 4.6” tire clearance is just the ticket. "Any day of the week’s a great day to ride a Wednesday." - Modern mountain standards: stealth dropper post routing, 44mm headtube, suspension correction, front and rear thru-axles - Full suite of useful braze-ons: front and rear racks, multiple sets of three-pack mounts, fenders - Full-forward, short chainstay position: 26 x 3.8? tires on 80mm rims; full-rearward, longer chainstay position: 26 x 4.6? tires on an 80mm rim

Ice Cream Truck solves the problem of having to choose between a fat bike and a trail bike. It boasts a symmetric 190mm-spaced Chromoly frame, suspension-corrected 150mm-spaced fork, and sporty trail-oriented geometry. Supported by massive 4.8" tires, itis ready to deftly tackle nearly any terrain. - 100% Surly Chromoly steel with 44mm headtube and internal dropper post cable routing - Frame is E.D. Coated for increased life expectancy - 1-1/8" straight steerer fork, Chromoly steel - 100mm threaded bottom bracket shell - Front and rear thru-axles, non-off-set - Universal cast dropouts accommodate thru-axle or quick-release standards

The Lowside is the bike that gets you across town for a quick rip on singletrack, then over to the bar for a night out. It’s the bike you turn to when you’re not entirely sure what the night has in store. It’s the bike to grab when you want to have just much fun riding to the trail as you do from the trail itself. Singlespeeding is an integral part of Surly’s DNA, and the Lowside continues the tradition, by taking a simpler approach to trail riding. - 100% Surly 4130 Chromoly frame, main triangle is double-butted; 1-1/8" threadless Chromoly fork - Singlespeed “specific” (derailleur hanger but no Trip Guides) - Dropper post routing - Gnot-Boost rear spacing - Front and rear thru-axle - 26 x 3” or 27.5 x 2.8” tire clearance

Lowside is the bike that gets you across town for a quick rip on singletrack, then over to the bar for a night out. Your BMX Bike All Grown Up Lowside is like the grownup version of the bike you rode when you were a kid and still had hopes and dreams and some semblance of ambition. It's just as happy riding singletrack as it is parked outside your favorite drinking establishment. Lowside is a single speed mountain bike. Singlespeeding has been a part of Surly's DNA since day one when we launched the 1x1 Rat Ride. After a lot of Homie Fall Fests and more feats of strength than we can recall, we decided to discontinue it a couple years back. Lowside picks up right where the 1x1 left off. "Some have dubbed the Lowside the ultimate pub cruiser." - Modern trail standards: dropper post compatibility, 44mm headtube, Gnot-Boost rear spacing, thru-axles - Compatibility with most mountain bike standards makes it the perfect parts bin bike (no rim brakes allowed though) - Spec'd in alternating years with 26 x 3" or 27.5 x 2.8" tires, the Lowside remains capable of running either option

The Karate Monkey features updated, progressive trail geometry, our custom trumpet tubeset and Surly’s Gnot-Boost rear dropout system. Available in a variety of colors, with multiple drivetrain and wheel size configurations. - 100% Surly Chromoly steel frame and fork; double-butted main triangle and 44mm headtube - The tubeset uses the same trumpet tubes found on Instigator 2.0 frame - Adjustable rear dropouts with 145mm Gnot-Boost spacing. Works with 142, 148 12mm thru, as well as 135mm w/ 10/12 washer - Internal dropper seatpost routing with 30.9mm seat tube ID - Clearance for 29 x 2.55 or 27.5 x 3 tires

The Karate Monkey frame features updated, progressive trail geometry, a new tubeset, and Surly’s Gnot-Boost rear dropout system to support multiple drivetrain and wheel size configurations. - 100% Surly 4130 chromoly steel frame and fork; double-butted main triangle and 44mm headtube - Tubeset uses the same trumpet tubes found on Instigator 2.0 frame - Adjustable rear dropouts with 145mm Gnot-Boost spacing works with 142 x 12, 148 x 12mm, and 135mm w/ 10/12 washer - Internal dropper seatpost routing - 30.9mm seat tube ID - Clearance for 29 x 2.55 or 27.5 x 3 tires

Karate Monkey is a highly versatile trail bike that plays the part of 29er and 27.5+ equally well. Karate Monkey delivers a resilient, lively ride on all sorts of gnarly terrain. Its frame is a highly-versatile canvas for whatever dirty masterpiece your brain cooks up. According to our computing machine (Thor) it can be set up in approximately 487 different configurations. Originally designed as a 29er (and the frame that helped spark the 29" wheel movement), the latest Karate Monkey is designed to perform just as admirably as a 27.5+ rig as well. This allows you to pick your poison — provided your poison is having a really great time while permanently donning a huge grin, of course. - Modern trail standards: dropper post compatibility, 44mm headtube, Gnot-Boost rear spacing, thru-axles, suspension corrected fork - Compatibility with most mountain bike standards makes it the perfect parts bin bike (no rim brakes allowed though) - Clearance for 29" x 2.5" or 27.5" x 3" tires

The Karate Monkey features updated, progressive trail geometry, our custom trumpet tubeset, and Surly's Gnot-Boost rear dropout system. Available in a variety of colors, with multiple drivetrain and wheel size configurations.

The Krampus is the bike that started it all — the plus-size movement that is. The Krampus features Surly’s Gnot-Boost rear hub spacing of 145mm; compatible with Boost 148 x 12mm thru-axle, 142 x 12mm thru-axle and 135mm quick-release hubs. - 100% Surly 4130 CroMoly steel frame and fork; double-butted main triangle and 44mm headtube - New tube-set uses the same trumpet tubes found on 2017 Karate Monkey frame - Gnot-Boost adjustable rear dropouts - Internal dropper seatpost routing - 30.9mm seat tube - Designed to fit up to 29 x 3.0” tires

As the first "plus" bike to hit the market, Krampus changed the way many people approach trail riding. It's shown people the light of how high-volume, large-diameter tires can vastly improve the ride experience. It's also done a bang-up job dispelling the myth that big tires make you slow. Krampus is kind of like the opposite of a mullet: long in the front and short in the rear. With a long toptube and compact chainstays, it takes trail-shredding abilities to the next level. A mullet may be business in the front, party in the back but Krampus makes partying its business. - Modern trail standards: dropper post compatibility, 44mm headtube, Gnot-Boost rear spacing, thru-axles, suspension-corrected fork - Compatibility with most mountain bike standards makes it the perfect parts bin bike (no rim brakes allowed though) - Clearance for 29 x 3" tires

The Krampus is the bike that started it all — the plus-size movement that is. Krampus features Surly’s Gnot-Boost rear hub spacing of 145mm; compatible with Boost 148 x 12mm thru-axle, 142 x 12mm thru-axle and 135mm quick-release hubs. - 100% Surly 4130 CroMoly steel frame and fork; double-butted main triangle and 44mm headtube - New tube-set uses the same trumpet tubes found on 2017 Karate Monkey frame - Gnot-Boost adjustable rear dropouts - Internal dropper seatpost routing - 30.9mm seat tube - Designed to fit up to 29 x 3.0” tires

Designed to go where no normal fat bike can, the Surly Moonlander is for riders who want otherworldly capabilities on rocky shorelines, sand, snow, and desolate landscapes not yet discovered. It’s the ultimate choice for explorers who itch for the next great adventure, and aren’t afraid of what they might find. - Constructed from 100% Surly Chromoly Steel for excellent durability - Clearance for 24 x 6.25” tires, as well as 26 x 5.1", 27.5 x 4.8", and 29 x 3" - Comes with rack and fender mounts, as well as accessory mounts on both fork blades to enhance cargo capacity - Four frame sizes to fit most riders: SM, MD, LG, XL

Marlin Frameset is a lightweight, versatile mountain bike frame great for building up as a fast cross country race bike or a rugged flat bar commuter. It's made of strong Alpha Silver Aluminum and is quick and capable on pavement, gravel, and singletrack alike. - All the value, plus all the versatility—it's a totally race-worthy mountain bike, with rear rack mounts if you use it for commuting too - It's really fun to ride, and feels like a much more expensive mountain bike - Internal cable routing extends the life of your cables and adds to the bike's sleek look - Like every model in the Marlin family, it's backed by Trek's lifetime warranty

Marlin Frameset is a lightweight aluminum frame ready to be built into the perfect easygoing trail bike. It's loaded with all-new geometry that's more capable than ever, ideal for gaining confidence and speed on the singletrack. WHY YOU'LL LOVE IT - Marlin Gen 3 gives you serious trail capability with bigger tire clearance, internal dropper post routing, ThruSkew rear axle, and longer, slacker geometry that gives you more stability on steeper trails and at higher speeds - You'll get a lightweight aluminum frame that's robust enough for the ride without weighing you down - Rack and fender mounts make it easy to add whatever accessories you want, so it can play double-duty as a commuter ride and trail bike - Marlin models in XXS and XS frame sizes have a curved top tube and a lower standover height that makes it easier for smaller riders to mount and dismount - Internal routing looks sleek and makes adding a dropper post easy IT'S RIGHT FOR YOU IF… You're new to mountain biking and want a confidence-boosting bike that's built to handle the trail and love the idea of putting together your own dream bike build. THE TECH YOU GET A lightweight aluminum frame with internal routing to protect your cables and keep your bike looking sleek, plus modern geometry that ups confident handling in varying trail terrain. Plus, a Thru-Skew rear axle that is safer, simpler, and stronger than standard quick-release. THE FINAL WORD Marlin Gen 3 Frameset is made for taking on the trail. The modern geometry is ultra-capable, and added features, like extra tire clearance and mounts for racks and kickstands, up the versatility.

Roscoe frameset gives you a solid starting point for an awesome hardtail trail build. The light and sturdy alloy frame is made for a 140-150mm fork, 29er wheels and wide tires. Spec it for however you’ll ride it, whether you're planning on getting down or catching air. - Fits up to 2.6" tires for a grippy, confident, and fast-rolling ride - Add a dropper post for more stability and control on rugged descents - Long, low, and slack - Roscoe's trail bike geometry gives you confidence for rugged descents.

Procaliber Alloy Frameset is the perfect launching pad for your next cross-country bike. It rolls the fine line between race-ready and pocket-friendly with modern geometry that's made for handling fast corners, and lightweight Alpha Platinum Aluminum that's tough, nimble, and ready to cut loose. Designed for a 120mm fork, this ride is ready to build up into your dream steed. IT'S RIGHT FOR YOU IF… You're ready to start your dream cross-country bike from scratch, and want a lightweight and durable frame that doesn't break the bank. You need nimble handling, but don't want it at the cost of stability through the rough. THE TECH YOU GET A lightweight Alpha Platinum Aluminum hardtail frame with modern XC geometry and 148mm boost spacing for stiff support under power. Designed for a 120mm suspension fork. THE FINAL WORD The Procaliber Alloy Frameset lets you ride the line between performance and price with modern XC geometry that keeps you cool through the rough and ready to hammer up climbs. Ready to rip with your dream bike build. WHY YOU'LL LOVE IT - You get modern geometry that keeps you in the attack on climbs and crushing confidently on descents - It balances the accessible price of an alloy hardtail with the performance of its carbon cohorts - You can roll with up to a 120mm fork to get total trail capability - You get to doll it up with all your favorite parts - Internal cable routing keeps your ride quiet, reduces maintenance, and looks sleek

Ticket DJ is a lightweight, durable dirt jump mountain bike frame with a compact rear end and roomy top tube for major style, the best handling, and the biggest tricks. Horizontal sliding dropouts let you choose between a singlespeed or geared setup for a personalized ride. It's right for you if... You spend at least half your time in the air at the dirt jumps, skate park, or pump track. You want options for a singlespeed or geared setup on a durable, lightweight frame. The tech you get Ticket DJ Frameset gives you the basics and lets you run with them. The lightweight and durable Alpha Platinum Aluminum frame has horizontal sliding dropouts that enables a singlespeed or a geared setup, and its short chainstays allow you to pop off jumps. The final word Get it if you want a super-durable bike for dirt jumps, the skate park, or the pump track. It's at home in the air, and built in collaboration with the best slopestyle riders in the world: the Trek C3 Project. Why you'll love it - Trek C3 Project riders have helped to dial-in the geometry and features of this bike over years of collaboration, and the result is a highly refined ride that has helped to define the sport - Alpha Platinum Aluminum is light without compromising durability

Stache AL Frameset is built with our lightweight and trail-tough Alpha Platinum Aluminum. This trail hardtail frameset is designed for fun-loving 29+ tires, with massive tire clearance, an elevated midstay, and Stranglehold Dropouts that make it easy to fine-tune your geometry or turn it into a singlespeed mountain bike. It's right for you if... Your attitude is that mountain biking should be, above all else, a ridiculous amount of fun. You want a base for your build that matches your fun-loving approach to the trail, with the versatility to run a full drivetrain or a singlespeed setup. The tech you get A trail-tough Alpha Platinum Aluminum frameset with super-short chainstays that give you the ability to pop off jumps and toss the bike around corners. Stache AL Frameset includes Stranglehold Dropouts so you can fine-tune your geometry or run singlespeed. It has internal derailleur and dropper post routing, a PF92 bottom bracket, a headset, and is designed for disc brakes and Boost148 29+ wheels. The final word Stache AL Frameset is the first step to more fun on the trail. The short chainstays deliver a lively ride and quick acceleration. Build it up with 29+ mid-fat tires for relentless traction. Why you'll love it - Stache is super versatile and equally at home on multi-day bikepacking trips as it is on rough singletrack - The super-short chainstays make it really easy to show off your wheelie skills - We're not the only ones who love it: DirtRag says, "[Stache] is the most fun bike I rode this year, and fun is where it's at." Features: Advanced frame tech - Stache is surprisingly nimble thanks to extra-short 420mm chainstays. The elevated mid-stay makes room for the extra-big tires while Stranglehold dropouts allow you to fine-tune your wheelbase length. 29+ - 29+ is a wider 3" tire that grips relentlessly while floating over terrain. Yet it delivers all the 29er benefits you know and love, like greater momentum and improved rollover.